A appellative Colchester was applied inside 1780 to the district previously called Cobequid, and was from either a town of Colchester in Essex. A old title Cobequid was from either a Mi'kmaq word "Wagobagitk" meaning "the bay runs far up", in reference to the area surrounding the easternmost inlet of the Minas Basin, a body of water called Cobequid Bay.

A District of Colchester, which was at 1st a portion of Halifax County, was established as county witharound its have best in 1835. Around 1838 a distinct line of division between Cumberland County and Colchester County was established. 2 years late, inside 1840, the Township of Parrsboro was divided and a share of it annexed to Colchester County. Around 1871, the boundaries between the Counties of Hants & Colchester and between a Counties of Halifax and Colchester were established. Within 1880 the boundary between the Counties of Halifax & Colchester was revised. Sooner or later within 1897 a portion of a boundary between the Counties of Colchester & Cumberl& was fixed and defined.

the wonder of a boundary between Colchester & Cumberland Counties was the subject of a Commission of Inquiry established in 1946. A report was filed in the professional of the Provincial Secretary and in the office of the Department of Lands and Forests in January 1959. Qualified copies of it were sent to the Registrars of Deeds for the Counties of Colchester, Cumberl& and Kings.

Millbrook is the location of a Mi'kmaq First Nations reserve.

Towns inside Colchester County come Stewiacke and Truro. Both has its have local governing council.

Whole more communities in the county come placed inside one of eleven geographically determined districts, each of which will bring a representative that along by using the county city manager form the Municipal government of the county.

Unincorporated villages come Bible Hill, and Tatamagouche.

Unincorporated communities include: Alton Balmoral Mills Bass River Bayhead Beaver Brook Belmont Black Rock Brookfield Brule Burnside Camden Central Economy Central Onslow Cloverdale Coldstream Cove Road Debert Demmark Earltown East Earltown East Mines Station East New Annan Eastville Economy Five Islands Folly Lake Forest Glen Gays River Glenholme Great Village Greenfield Green Oaks Harmony Hilden Kemptown Londonderry Londonderry Station Lornevale Lower Economy Lower Five Islands Lower Truro Lynn Malagash Station Masstown McCallum Settlement Middle Stewiacke Montrose New Annan Newton Mills North Earltown North River Nuttby Old Barns Oliver Onslow Otter Brook Pembroke Portapique Princeport Riversdale Salmon River Sandville South Branch Stewiacke Cross Road Stewiacke East The Falls Truro Heights Union Upper Economy Upper Stewiacke Valley West New Annan West St. Andrews Wittenburg